| Commercial cloud subscriptions | The subscription keeps running for non-China customers, and the China dollar inside Other countries is unpublished. | 0-3 months | Wave 1 (direct) | Microsoft FY2025 10-K; CISA IT sector |
| Endpoint security agents | A bad content update can crash Windows hosts that already run the agent. | 0-3 months | Wave 1 (direct) | CISA 19 July 2024 alert; CrowdStrike 10-K |
| Identity and email tenants | Microsoft 365 Commercial tenants are the identity and mail layer inside the same cloud book. | 1-6 months | Wave 2 (direct) | Microsoft FY2025 10-K |
| CRM and application subscriptions | CRM billings continue for non-China customers, and Asia Pacific is not a China line. | 1-6 months | Wave 2 (direct) | Salesforce FY2026 10-K |
| MSP partner channel | MSSP end customers sit on the same agent, so a vendor update stops the partner console too. | 1-6 months | Wave 2 (indirect) | CrowdStrike FY2026 10-K |
| Windows and device refresh | Windows and Devices revenue is the refresh the software firm cannot re-order if devices stall. | 0-3 months | Wave 1 (indirect) | Microsoft FY2025 10-K; CISA alert |
| China offices and leased sites | Named China properties lose trade access, and the 10-K does not print China headcount. | 1-6 months | Wave 2 (indirect) | Microsoft FY2025 10-K; Exhibit 21 |
| Small software publishers | Firms with fewer than 20 employees are the distributed publisher set. | 12+ months | Wave 3 (direct) | Census SUSB 2022 |
| Large software publishers | The large-publisher employment block is the home-market book that keeps billing. | 1-6 months | Wave 2 (direct) | Census SUSB 2022; Microsoft, Salesforce, CrowdStrike |
| Buyer support desks | Customer help desks absorb the recovery work after the vendor pushes a fix. | 0-3 months | Wave 3 (indirect) | CISA alert; CrowdStrike incident rollforward |