The United States both makes and imports devices. Census shipments for medical equipment and supplies manufacturing, NAICS 3391, were 100,443,977 thousand dollars in 2024. That domestic book keeps running when China trade stops. The figure is thousands of dollars, not dollars.
fred.stlouisfed.org
Core-device imports, HS 9018 through HS 9022, were $70,281,138,978 in 2024 on the MedDeviceGuide compilation of Census customs value. That page is a compilation, not a Census table opened here. Exports were $55,786,101,357. The deficit was $14,495,037,621. Customs value is not the price a hospital pays. The scope excludes pharmaceuticals under HS 30, PPE textiles, and sterile packaging. The opened WITS table is a different heading. On the opened WITS heading, China was $2,392,111.65 thousand.
meddeviceguide.comwits.worldbank.org
In that 2024 compilation book Mexico was 21.11 percent, Ireland was 11.90 percent, Germany was 10.44 percent, Costa Rica was 8.02 percent, and China was 7.96 percent. China supplied $5,595,773,620. Mexico supplied $14,838,272,063. A China stop removes the China slice. Mexico, Ireland, Germany, and Costa Rica keep shipping. Those percents are the compilation of the wider basket. They are not a share calculated from the opened WITS heading.
meddeviceguide.com
The buyer is the hospital, not a second factory. There are 6,100 hospitals in the United States. AHA analysis of Lightcast data shows hospitals spent over $10 billion on surgical and medical instruments. That instrument bill rose 7 percent. Total supplies expense increased 9.9 percent. Supplies are wider than devices, and drugs are out of scope.
aha.orgaha.org
Service sits past the factory. Medical equipment repairers held about 71,800 jobs. Wholesalers employed 33 percent of medical equipment repairers. The calculated wholesaler headcount, 33 percent of 71,800, is 23,694. The short end of that delay range is 2 weeks. The long end of that same range is 52 weeks.
bls.govadvamed.org
The 0-3 month price analog for a China-origin consumable is the Section 301 determination that raised the additional rate to 100 percent on syringes and needles. The broad instrument basket did not reprice like that. February 2020 was 142.8 and March 2020 was 144.1 on the not-seasonally-adjusted PPI for surgical and medical instrument manufacturing. The calculated one-month move was 0.91 percent.
ustr.govdata.bls.gov
Cyber is a separate channel from the trade stop. CISA, with ASD ACSC among the co-authors, said Volt Typhoon was pre-positioning on IT networks for disruptive or destructive activity against U.S. critical infrastructure in a major crisis or conflict. Change Healthcare, a health payment processor, had estimated losses of $874 million in the February 2024 ransomware incident. That loss is a clearinghouse, not a device plant.
cisa.govgao.gov
Step 1 is the China slice only. China was 7.96 percent of 2024 core-device customs value and supplied $5,595,773,620. Mexico was 21.11 percent and supplied $14,838,272,063. Ireland supplied $8,365,705,978. Germany supplied $7,339,226,832. Costa Rica supplied $5,633,713,916. The line stops when a China-origin component, syringe, needle, or commodity device is missing.
meddeviceguide.com
Step 2 is what still ships. In 2025 Mexico was 21.28 percent, Ireland 12.38 percent, Germany 10.16 percent, and Costa Rica 9.33 percent. Costa Rica rose 22.6 percent from 2024. China fell to $4,994,334,593 and 6.74 percent, a 10.7 percent decrease. The top five countries were over 59.3 percent of core imports. Singapore, Switzerland, Japan, and the Dominican Republic also remain on the 2024 top-ten list.
meddeviceguide.com
Step 3 is electronics, and it is not a Taiwan share. AdvaMed said device makers were less than one percent of the chip market and were 18 percent of responses to the Commerce semiconductor request for information. Two-thirds of companies had semiconductors and firmware in over half of their products. Needs are 2nd or 3rd generation chips, competing with automotive, industrial, and consumer uses. Delays vary significantly, from two to 52+ weeks. No opened page prints Taiwan's share of chips inside a U.S. device.
advamed.org
Step 4 is the gate. Volt Typhoon pre-positioning is the infrastructure baseline for ports, energy, and telecom that devices move through. The assignment of device gateways to Wave 1 is scenario inference, not a count of device-plant attacks.
cisa.gov
Step 5 is the buyer and the payment file. There are 6,100 hospitals. Participating hospitals had self-assessed adoption of 70.7 percent of NIST Cybersecurity Framework functional areas. A clearinghouse failure is a different node from the factory. Change Healthcare produced estimated losses of $874 million.
aha.orggao.gov